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|branch = |serviceyears = 1967–1969 |rank = 8px Second Lieutenant}} Robert Michael Gates (born September 25, 1943) is an American statesman, scholar and university president who served as the 22nd United States Secretary of Defense from 2006 to 2011. Gates served for 26 years in the Central Intelligence Agency and the National Security Council, and was Director of Central Intelligence under President George H. W. Bush. Gates was also an officer in the United States Air Force and during the early part of his military career, he was recruited by the CIA.〔Robert Gates, ''From The Shadows,'' 1996 (pp. 20-21 of Simon & Schuster 2006 paperback edition)〕 After leaving the CIA, Gates became president of Texas A&M University and was a member of several corporate boards. Gates served as a member of the Iraq Study Group, the bipartisan commission co-chaired by James A. Baker III and Lee H. Hamilton, that studied the lessons of the Iraq War. Gates was nominated by Republican President George W. Bush as Secretary of Defense after the 2006 election, replacing Donald Rumsfeld. He was confirmed with bipartisan support.〔 In a 2007 profile written by former National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski, ''Time'' named Gates one of the year's most influential people.〔(Robert Gates By Zbigniew Brzezinski ). ''Time''.〕 In 2008, Gates was named one of America's Best Leaders by ''U.S. News & World Report''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=America's Best Leaders: Robert Gates, U.S. Secretary of Defense )〕 He continued to serve as Secretary of Defense in President Barack Obama's administration. He retired in 2011. "He'll be remembered for making us aware of the danger of over-reliance on military intervention as an instrument of American foreign policy," said former Senator David L. Boren.〔(Looking Back, Gates Says He’s Grown Wary of ‘Wars of Choice’ ), NY Times, June 18, 2011〕 Gates was presented the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian award, by President Obama during his retirement ceremony. According to a ''Washington Post'' book review, he is "widely considered the best defense secretary of the post-World War II era".〔Greg Jaffe, "Book review: ‘Duty: Memoirs of a Secretary at War’ by Robert M. Gates," (''Washington Post'' Jan 7, 2014 )〕 Since leaving the Obama Administration, Gates has been elected President of the Boy Scouts of America, served as Chancellor of the College of William & Mary, and become a member of several corporate boards. ==Early life and education== Gates was born in Wichita, Kansas, the son of Isabel V. (née Goss) and Melville A. "Mel" Gates.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=robert gates )〕 Gates attained the rank of Eagle Scout in the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) and received the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award from the BSA as an adult.〔(【引用サイトリンク】Distinguished Eagle Scouts )〕 He graduated from Wichita High School East in 1961. Gates is also a Vigil Honor member within the Order of the Arrow, BSA's National Honor Society. Gates then received a scholarship to attend the College of William and Mary, graduating in 1965 with a B.A. in history. At William & Mary, Gates was an active member and president of the Alpha Phi Omega (national service fraternity) chapter and the Young Republicans; he was also the business manager for the ''William and Mary Review'', a literary and art magazine.〔 〕 At his William & Mary graduation ceremony, Gates received the Algernon Sydney Sullivan Award naming him the graduate who "has made the greatest contribution to his fellow man".〔 Gates then received an M.A. in history from Indiana University in 1966. He completed his Ph.D. in Russian and Soviet history at Georgetown University in 1974. The title of his Georgetown doctoral dissertation is "Soviet Sinology: An Untapped Source for Kremlin Views and Disputes Relating to Contemporary Events in China"〔"(Soviet Sinology: An Untapped Source for Kremlin Views and Disputes Relating to Contemporary Events in China )". University Microfilms International (document number 7421652 ).〕 and is available from University Microfilms International as document number 7421652. He received an Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters from William & Mary (1998), the University of Oklahoma (2011)〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ou.edu/publicaffairs/archives/HonoraryDegree.html )〕 and Georgetown University (2014). He married his wife Becky on January 7, 1967.〔 They have two children. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Robert Gates」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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